A

Accordion Fold: Bindery term, two or more parallel folds which open like an accordion.

Achromatic Color: Neutral color — white, gray, or black — that has no hue.

Acrobat®: Adobe's electronic page-viewing system based on an extension to PostScript® . In theory, it transfers text, graphics and images between computers, no matter the platform, without altering the original format. Acrobat files have a .pdf extension.

Acrylic Adhesive: An adhesive made of acrylic polymers.

Active-Matrix Display
A type of flat panel LCD display used in laptop and portable computers. Active matrix displays produce a superior image to passive matrix displays.

Actual Size: The size of an image when it was scanned (not enlarged or reduced in area or viewing perspective).

Addressable Resolution: The maximum resolution of any device. The finite number of pixels that any imaging device is capable of creating, manipulating or imaging.

Adhesion: The measure of the strength by which two materials bond together.

Aliasing: The visual stair-stepping of edges (jagged edges) that occurs in an image when the resolution is too low. Can be caused by improper image sampling or improper image processing.

Alteration: Change in copy of specifications after production has begun.

Anti-Aliasing: The smoothing and removing of aliasing effects by electronic filtering and other techniques, such as blending of hard edges. Also, blending object-oriented art with bit-mapped art.

Archival: Term loosely used to refer to material that can be used without side effects in the conservation or care of important artifacts. Pertaining to the production of new items designed to have very good aging qualities.e.g. non-fading inks, acid free paper, etc.

Archiving: Retention of images, often on CD-ROM, for a specified period. Information necessary to reproduce the print is also archived, including ink, tables, sizes, and media used.

Artifact: Unwanted visual anomalies or defects generated by an input or output device, or by a software operation, that degrade image quality. See also aliasing, moiré pattern.

ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Code used to represent alphanumeric characters.

Aspect Ratio: The ratio of width to height. Used in the imaging industry to define applicability of an image to fit a page, screen, monitor, or frame.

B

Back Up: Printing the second side of a sheet already printed on one side.

Banding: Method of packaging printed pieces of paper using rubber or paper bands.

Bandwidth: The "size" or throughput capacity of a network, usually measured in bits per second; or, less often, the range of frequencies in a signal. The amount of data you can send through a connection.

Barrel Distortion: Image effect that spreads the center dimensions of the picture.

Basis Weight: Weight in pounds of a ream of paper cut to the basic size for its grade.

Batch Scan: The process of scanning numerous pages that contain similar data — for example, a number of photos or a multiple-page text document.

Binary: A numbering system based on 2s, which uses 0 and 1 to represent all numbers.

Bind: To fasten sheets or signatures with wire, thread, glue. or by other means.

Bindery: The finishing department of a print shop or firm specializing in finishing printed products.

Bitmap: A rasterized graphic image formed by a rectangular grid of pixels or dots.

Black: The fourth color in four-color printing. It is listed as the K in "CMYK." Black is required in the printing process because equal amounts of cyan, magenta and yellow inks will not produce a true black; ideally, the complete absorption of incident light; the absence of any reflection. In the practical sense, any color which is close to this ideal in a relative viewing situation, i.e. a color of very low saturation and of low luminance.

BMP file: A Windows bitmap file, with the extension ".bmp," that defines an image (such as the image of a scanned page) as a pattern of dots (pixels).

Byte: A standard unit of measure. 8 bits = 1 byte. Each 8-bit byte represents an alphanumeric character.

Blanket: The thick rubber mat on a printing press that transfers ink from the plate to paper.

Bleed: Printing that goes to the edge of the sheet after trimming.

Blind Embossing: An image pressed into a sheet without ink or foil.

Blueline: A blue photographic proof used to check position of all image elements.

Board: Alternate term for mechanical.

Bond & Carbon: Business form with paper and carbon paper.

Bond Paper: Strong durable paper grade used for letterheads and business forms.

Break For Color: Also known as a color break. To separate mechanically or by software the parts to be printed in different colors.

Brightness: The brilliance or reflectance of paper.

Bulk: Thickness of paper stock in thousandths of an inch or number of pages per inch.

Bulk Pack: Boxing printed product without wrapping or banding.

Burn: Exposing a printing plate to high intensity light or placing an image on a printing plate by light.

Butt: Joining images without overlapping.

Butt Fit: Printed colors that overlap one row of dots so they appear to butt.

C

Caliper: Paper thickness in thousandths of an inch.

Calibration: The setting of computer system components to a standard which will produce the same readable results on each unit, i.e. color calibration is necessary in the workstation to achieve the same results on the output.

Carbonless: Pressure sensitive writing paper that does not use carbon.

Cathode Ray Tube (CRT): Tube used in televisions and computer monitors to display the output of the video signal or computer line information. CRTs use the additive primary colors red, green and blue.

CD-R (CD-Recordable): A CD format that allows the users to record data to a disc when using the proper hardware. Recorded data is not erasable.

CD-RW (CD-Rewritable): A CD format that allows users to erase data, and then record new data.

Channel: A component of a digital image that carries the data for a color component or a mask.

Choke: In printing, a term describing a relationship between a foreground element and a background color or element. To create a trap between a fore-ground element that knocks out a background, the background may be "choked" or slightly encroached upon.

Chroma: A measure of saturation associated with color.

Chromatic: Perceived as having a hue; not white, gray or black.

Cloning: The process of producing an exact copy of existing digital-image data, either to another image file or copying an area of an image within the same file.

Crazing: A "spider-web" cracking of paints or plastic, caused by weathering, cleaning with strong solvents, or the use of improper paints.

Carload: A truck load of paper weighing 40000 pounds.

Case Bind: A type of binding used in making hard cover books using glue.

Cast Coated: Coated paper with a high gloss reflective finish.

Chrome: A term for a transparency.

Coated Paper: A clay coated printing paper with a smooth finish.

Collate: A finishing term for gathering paper in a precise order.

Color Bar: A quality control term regarding the spots of ink color on the tail of a sheet.

Color Calibration: A system of software and/or hardware that adjusts and coordinates colors between two or more digital devices. Color calibration systems commonly compare device color profiles and translate one color model into a device-independent language.

Color Correction: Methods of improving color separations.

Color Key: Color proofs in layers of acetate:

Color Matching System: A system of formulated ink colors used for communicating color.

Color Separations: The process of preparing artwork, photographs, transparencies, or computer generated art for printing by separating into the four primary printing colors.

Comb Bind: To plastic comb bind by inserting the comb into punched holes.

Comp: An abbreviation for composite or comprehensive. A layout that is produced during the design process providing a preview of the finished print job.

Complementary Colors: Two colors that, when combined, create neutral gray. On a color wheel complements are directly opposite the axis from each other; blue/yellow, red/green, and so on.

Composite Film: Combining two or more images on one or more pieces of film.

Continuous-Tone Copy: Illustrations, photographs or computer files that contain gradient tones from black to white or light to dark.

Contrast: The tonal change in color from light to dark.

Conversion: In computer imaging, to change a CMYK file to RGB, Photo YCC, or vice versa, or to convert one file format to another.

Cover Paper: A heavy printing paper used to cover books, make presentation folders, etc.

Crimping: Puncture marks holding business forms together.

Crop: To cut off parts of a picture or image.

Crop marks: Printed lines showing where to trim a printed sheet.

Crossover: Printing across the gutter or from one page to the facing page of a publication.

Cyan: One of four standard process colors. The blue color.

D

Densitometer: A quality control devise to measure the density of printing ink.

Density: The degree of color or darkness of an image or photograph.

Descreening: In scanning, the method of applying a controlled blur to erase discreet components of a halftone image and make it appear more like a continuous-tone image. This process will minimize effects of causing moiré patterns if the image is re-screened.

Diazo: A light sensitive coating used on printing plates.

Die: Metal rule or imaged block used to cut or place an image on paper in the finishing process.

Die Cutting: Curing images in or out of paper.

Digital Color Printing: One of serveral non-impact technologies where the image is formed by a computer controlled printer (Generally accepted to include: electrostatic, ink jet, laser photo, and thermal transfer).

Digital Halftone: The process of obtaining various tones by breaking up the image into a graduated series of dots. The dots repeat in a regular pattern, creating the illusion ofcontinuous tone. The digital printing process is controlled by the size and shape of dots.

Digital Imaging: The process of image capture, manipulation and final image form, accomplished by electronic systems.

Direct-to-Press: The technique of applying digital image data directly to blank plates mounted on the press.

Direct-to-Press Printing: Printing devices that allow for the elimination of film separations from the printing process. These systems utilize a computer controlled system employing lasers to "write" digital data to a plate that is already mounted on the press.

Dot: An element of halftones. Using a loupe you will see that printed pictures are made many dots.

Dot Gain or Spread: A term used to explain the difference in size between the dot on film and paper.

Double Burn: Exposing a plate to multiple images.

DPI (or PPI) Dots Per Inch/Pixels Per Inch: The resolution of an image or how many pixels are defined in the boundary of an inch. The more correct term is pixels per inch, however dots per inch is often used instead.

Duplex: To print on both sides of a single page.

DVD (Digital Versatile Disc): A technology similar to Compact Disc, but far superior in its storage capacity. A DVD can contain about 4.7 GB of data in its single-sided, single-density version, and 18 GB or more in a double-sided, double-density version.

Draw-Down: A sample of ink and paper used to evaluate ink colors.

Drop-Out: Portions of artwork that do not print.

Drum Scanner: A type of optical scanner where the reflective or transmissive art is mounted to a rotating drum. As the drum spins, light from the image enters a lens allowing the image to be recorded in a series of fine lines.

Drop-Shadow: The shadowing effect on letters, to simulate light being cast at an angle.

Dummy: A rough layout of a printed piece showing position and finished size.

Duotone: A halftone picture made up of two printed colors.

Dylux: Photographic paper made by DuPont and used for bluelines.

Dynamic Range: The measurable difference between the brightest highlight and the darkest value.

E

Emboss: Pressing an image into paper so that it will create a raised relief.

Emulsion: Light sensitive coating found on printing plates and film.

EPS (Encapsulated Postscript): An Adobe graphic file format. EPS translates graphics and text into a code which the printer can read and print. EPS files hold both low-resolution viewfiles and high-resolution PostScript image descriptions.

Eurobind: A patented method of binding perfect bound books so they will open and lay flatter.

F

Facsimile transmission (FAX): The process of converting graphic images into electronic signals.

File Format: The particular arrangement of digital information that is saved from an application program. The method of arrangement or storage is unique for any particular application program, but most applications can import and export graphics and text from some other application.

Film rip: See Rip film.

Finish: The surface property of a material determined by its surface contour and gloss.

Flat: An assembly of negatives taped to masking materials for platemaking.

Flatbed Scanner: A scanner which utilizes CCD linear arrays, where the image is placed on a glass platen, and the array moves past the artwork.
or cutout applique.

Flood: To cover a printed page with ink, varnish, or plastic coating.

Flop: The reverse side of an image.

Foil: A metallic or pigmented coating on plastic sheets or rolls used in foil stamping and foil embossing.

Foil Emboss: Foil stamping and embossing a image on paper with a die.

Foil Stamping: Using a die to place a metallic or pigmented image on paper.

Font: Historically, an assortment of letters and/or numbers, all the same size and type having a pre-determined amount of each letter or number. The term today refers generically to letter styles.

Format: Characteristic identifying size of printer, media, or graphic, according to width of media roll, printer’s print area, or graphic. Medium Format is generally taken to be between 11"- 24" in width; Large Format (Wide Format) larger than 24" in width, and Grand Format larger than 72" in width.

Four Color Process: The process of combining four basic colors to create a printed color picture or colors composed from the basic four colors.

French Fold: Two folds at right angles to each other.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol): The language used to facilitate the transfer of files from a server on the Internet to another location, such as a desktop computer or another server.

Full Bleed: Printing term used when an image or background extends to the final trim edge of a printed page

G

Galley Proof: Text copy before it is put into a mechanical layout or desktop layout.

Gang: Getting the most out of a printing press by using the maximum sheet size to print multiple images or jobs on the same sheet. A way to save money.

Generation: Stages of reproduction from original copy. A first generation reproduction yields the best quality.

Ghost bars: A quality control method used to reduce ghosted image created by heat or chemical contamination.

Ghosting: A faint printed image that appears on a printed sheet where it was not intended. More often than not this problem is a function of graphical design. It is hard to tell when or where ghosting will occur. Sometimes you can see the problem developing immediately after printing the sheet, other times the problem occurs while drying. However the problem occurs it is costly to fix, if it can be fixed. Since it is a function of graphical design, the buyer pays for the increased cost.

GIF (Graphic Interchange Format): An image format type generated specifically for computer use. Its resolution is usually very low (72 dpi, or that of your computer screen), making it undesirable for printing purposes.

Gigabyte (GB): 1,073,741,824 or one billion bytes.

Gloss: A shiny look reflecting light.

Gradation: Transition between two colors or between black and white. Also known as a gradient.

Grain: The direction in which the paper fiber lie.

Grayscale: An image containing a range of gray levels as opposed to only pure black and pure white.

Grippers: The metal fingers on a printing press that hold the paper as it passes through the press.

H

Hairline: A very thin line or gap about the width of a hair or 1/100 inch.

Halftone: Converting a continuous tone to dots for printing.

Hard Copy: The output of a computer printer, or typed text sent for typesetting.

Hickey: Reoccurring unplanned spots that appear in the printed image from dust, lint, dried ink.

High-Bulk Paper: A paper made thicker than its standard basis weight.

Highlight: The lightest areas in a picture or halftone.

I

Image Area: Portion of paper on which ink can appear.

Imposition: Positioning printed pages so they will fold in the proper order.

Impression: Putting an image on paper.

Imprint: Adding copy to a previously printed page.

Indicia: Postal information place on a printed product.

Ink Fountain: The reservoir on a printing press that hold the ink.

J

Jaggies: The effect caused by images or lines being rendered at too low a resolution. It can easily be defined as a stair-stepped effect giving the line or image a rough appearance.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group): Standardized image compression format. Usually used for compressing full-color or gray-scale images. JPEG's are preferred format for photographs.

K

Kerning: Adjusting inter-character spacing of letters. Typically for pairs of letters that need special spacing treatment to make them look more aesthetically pleasing.

Keylines: Lines on mechanical art that show position of photographs or illustrations.

Kiss Die Cut: To cut the top layer of a pressure sensitive sheet and not the backing.

Knock Out: To mask out an image.

L

Laid Finish: Simulating the surface of handmade paper.

Laminate: To cover with film, to bond or glue one surface to another.

Layflat: See Eurobind.

Line Copy: High contrast copy not requiring a halftone.

Lines Per Inch: The number of rows of dots per inch in a halftone.

Loupe: A magnifying glass used to review a printed image, plate and position film.

LPI (Lines Per Inch): The number of lines per inch on a halftone screen. As a general rule, the higher the lpi, the higher the printed resolution and quality.

M

Magenta: One of four standard process colors. The red color.

Makeready: All the activities required to prepare a press for printing.

Mask: Blocking light from reaching parts of a printing plate.

Matte Finish: Dull paper or ink finish.

Megabyte (MB): One million bytes.

Micrometer: Instrument used to measure the thickness of different papers.

Middle Tones: The tones in a photograph that are approximately half as dark as the shadow area.

Moire: Occurs when screen angles are wrong causing odd patterns in photographs.

Monochrome: An image made of a range of only one color.

N

Native Files: The original computer files, in their original application forms, for a digital graphic or publication. A file that is not native is an export format or other transformed format which can no longer be opened and edited.

Negative: The image on film that makes the white areas of originals black and black areas white.

Non-Reproducing Blue: A blue color the camera cannot see. Used in marking up artwork.

O

Offsetting: Using an intermediate surface used to transfer ink. Also, an unpleasant happening when the images of freshly printed sheets transfer images to each other.

Offset Paper: Term for uncoated book paper.

OK Sheet: Final approved color inking sheet before production begins.

Opacity: The amount of show-through on a printed sheet. The more opacity or the thicker the paper the less show-through. (The thicker/heavier the paper the higher the cost.)

Outline halftone: Removing the background of a picture or silhouetting an image in a picture.

Overlay: The transparent cover sheet on artwork often used for instructions.

Overrun or Overs: Copies printed in excess of the specified quantity. (Printing trade terms allow for +/- 10% to represent a completed order.)

Overprinting: Printing one ink or tint build over another, most commonly for trapping purposes.

P

Page Count: Total number of pages in a book including blanks.

Pantone®: A company producing numerous color matching systems for print and computer applications. The PMS® color-matching system is commonly used to represent 3,000 distinct colors through a numbering system.

Pattern Carbon: Special carbon paper used in business forms that only transfers in certain areas.

PDF (Portable Document Format): An electronic document format from Adobe that allows the distribution of digital files across any platform that can display a document as originally designed and formatted without having the software application or fonts on the viewing computer (at a significantly smaller file size).

Perfect Bind: A type of binding that glues the edge of sheets to a cover like a telephone book or thick magazine.

Perfecting Press: A sheet fed printing press that prints both sides of a sheet in one pass.

Pica: Unit of measure in typesetting. One pica = 1/6 inch.

Picking: Printers nightmare that occurs as the surface of a sheet lifts off during printing. Generally a paper manufactures quality control problem.

Pin Register: A standard used to fit film to film and film to plates and plates to press to assure the proper registration of printer colors.

Pixel: The smallest unit of data in a digital image. Together, the small discrete elements constitute an image that can be seen on a monitor or printed on a substrate. A pixel's code contains information relating to color and placement within the larger image.

Pixelization: Graininess in an image that results when the pixels are too big

Plate Gap: Gripper space. The area where the grippers hold the sheet as it passes through the press.

PMS: The abbreviated name of the Pantone Color Matching System, a printing industry-standard set of color inks, formulated for various forms of printing.

PMT: Abbreviated name for photomechanical transfer. Often used to make position prints.

Point: For paper, a unit of thickness equaling 1/1000 inch. for typesetting, a unit of height equaling 1/72 inch.

PostScript: A page description programming language created by Adobe. that is a device-independent industry standard for outputting documents and graphics.

Pre-Flighting: A process of checking a job for possible problems before the job is sent for final output. This process is used to find problems such as missing fonts, postscript errors and color problems.

Prepress: The process of getting an image ready to go on press. Digital prepress denotes the entire preparation of a digital file for printing in either a digital or conventional system.

Press Number: A method of numbering manufacturing business forms or tickets.

Pressure-Sensitive Paper: Paper material with self sticking adhesive covered by a backing sheet.

Process Blue: The blue or cyan color in process printing.

Process Colors (CMYK): Cyan (process blue), magenta (process red), yellow (process yellow), black (process black).

Q

R

Ragged Left: Type that is justified to the right margin and the line lengths vary on the left.

Ragged Right: Type that is justified to the left margin and the line lengths vary on the right.

Raster: The process of rendering an image or page, pixel by pixel, in a sweeping horizontal motion, one line after another.

Raster Image: An image that is defined as a collection of pixels arranged in a rectangular array of lines of dots or pixels. See "Bitmap."

Rasterization: Changing vector-type image information to raster image information.

Rasterized Type: Type that has rough or stair-stepped edges. The type does not appear smooth because it has been rendered at a resolution that is too low.

Ream: Five hundred sheets of paper.

Recto: Right-hand page of an open book.

Reflective Copy: Copy that is not transparent.

Register: To position print in the proper position in relation to the edge of the sheet and to other printing on the same sheet.

Register Marks: Cross-hair lines or marks on film, plates, and paper that guide strippers, platemakers, pressmen, and bindery personnel in processing a print order from start to finish.

Resize: Change of reproduction size. It is generally possible to resize files so prints can be made either smaller or larger. Significant up sizing is usually not successful, but an adjustment of up to 20 percent is acceptable.

Resolution: A measurement of the "fineness" of detail reproduction given in line pairs per mm, or pixels per inch. A definition of resolution in terms of pixels per inch.

Retouching: Removing imperfections or unwanted portions of an image.

Reverse: The opposite of what you see. Printing the background of an image. For example; type your name on a piece of paper. The reverse of this would be a black piece of paper with a white name.

RGB: A color model using red, green, and blue; the additive primary colors. Video display systems use RGB data to create screen images.

Rip Film: A method of making printing negatives from PostScript files created by desktop publishing.

S

Saddle Stitch: Binding a booklet or magazine with staples in the seam where it folds.

Saturation: A measure of purity of color. Saturated colors contain pure color only, colors desaturate to gray. Saturation is a measure of the degree of pureness or movement away from gray.

Scale: To enlarge or reduce an image by increasing or decreasing the number of scanned pixels, or the sampling rate, relative to the number of samples per inch needed by the printer or other output device. See also interpolation.

Scan: The process of translating a picture from artwork or transparency into digital information.

Scanner: Device used to make color separations, halftones, duo tones and tri tones. Also a device used to scan art, pictures or drawings in desktop publishing.

Score: A crease put on paper to help it fold better.

Screen: A halftone screen on film used in conjunction with photographic film or paper to produce a halftone image from continuous tone art.

Screen Angles: Frequently a desktop publishers nightmare. The angles at which halftone, duo tones, tri tones, and color separation printing films are placed to make them look right.

Screen Frequency: The measure of lines on a screen given in lines per unit measure as in LPI.

Self-Cover: Using the same paper as the text for the cover.

Separations: The actual splitting of an image into the colors that will be used in the printing process. Normally, Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black (CMYK) are the separations for 4-color printing.

Shelf Life: Length of time a product will remain in a useable condition after being received by a customer.

Show-Through: Printing on one side of a sheet that can be seen on the other side of the sheet.

Side Guide: The mechanical register unit on a printing press that positions a sheet from the side.

Side Stitch: Binding by stapling along one side of a sheet.

Signature: In offset printing, the printed sheet containing a number of different pages that have been arranged to allow; through folding, trimming, and binding; the creation of a multi-page finished piece.

Silhouette Halftone: A term used for an outline halftone.

Skid: A pallet used for a pile of cut sheets.

Spine: The binding edge of a book or publication.

Split Fountain: Putting more than one ink in a printing fountain to achieve special color affects.

Spoilage: Planned paper waste for all printing operations.

Spot Colors: These colors are printed as solid areas and used when fewer than four colors are needed or when the four-color process (CMYK) is unable to accurately reproduce a color.

Spot Varnish: Varnish used to hilight a specific part of the printed sheet.

Spread: In offset printing, a term describing a trapping relationship between a foreground element, and a background color or element. To create a trap between a fore-ground element that knocks out a background, the foreground may be "spread" or slightly enlarged.

Stamping: Term for foil stamping.

Stat: Term for inexpensive print of line copy or halftone.

Step-And-Repeat: A procedure for placing the same image on plates in multiple places.

Stock: The material to be printed.

Stock Photos: An already existing picture that can be purchased for use instead of having a photograph specifically made.

Stripping: The process of assembling individual elements to make a composite page for use in the offset printing process.

Stroke: A term referring to a line segment in a graphics program. Lines or "strokes" can be straight or curved, open or closed.

Substrate: Any surface on which printing is done.

T

Text Paper: Grades of uncoated paper with textured surfaces.

Thumbnail: A small, low-resolution version of an image.

TIFF (Tagged Image File Format): A type of image file format, TIFF files can include color or grayscale. The quality of the image is determined by its resolution or dpi. Especially useful for graphics that will be used in many applications or on more than one computer platform.

Tints: A shade of a single color or combined colors.

Tissue Overlay: Usually a thin transparent paper placed over artwork for protection uses for marking color breaks and other printer instructions.

Transfer Tape: A peel and stick tape used in business forms.

Transparency: A positive photographic slide on film allowing light to pass through.

Transparent Copy: A film that light must pass through for it to be seen or reproduced.

Transparent Ink: A printing ink that does not conceal the color under it.

Trapping: The ability to print one ink over the other.

Trim Marks: Similar to crop or register marks. These marks show where to trim the printed sheet.

Trim Size: The final size of one printed image after the last trim is made.

Typeface: The style and design of a particular alphabet.

U

Under-Run: Production of fewer copies than ordered. See over run.

Up: Printing "two or three up" means printing multiple copies of the same image on the same sheet.

UV Coating: Liquid laminate bonded and cured with ultraviolet light. Environmentally friendly.

V

Value: Indicates the degree of lightness or darkness of a color in relation to a neutral gray scale. The scale of value ranges from 0 for pure black to 10 for pure white.

Vaporware: A term referring to "Not-Yet-Released" software.

Varnish: A clear liquid applied to printed surfaces for looks and protection.

Vector Image: A computer image that uses mathematical descriptions of paths and fills to define the graphic, as opposed to individual pixels. Adobe Illustrator is the standard application for creating vector artwork.

Verso: The left hand page of an open book.

Vignette Halftone: A halftone whose background gradually fades to white.

W

Washup: Removing printing ink from a press, washing the rollers and blanket. Certain ink colors require multiple washups to avoid ink and chemical contamination.

Watermark: A distinctive design created in paper at the time of manufacture that can be easily seen by holding the paper up to a light.

Web Press: The name of a type of presses that print from rolls of paper.

Wire O: A bindery trade name for mechanical binding using double loops of wire through a hole.

Wire-O Binding: A method of wire binding books along the binding edge that will allow the book to lay flat using double loops. See Wire O.

Work And Tumble: Printing one side of a sheet and turning it over from the gripper to the tail to print the second side using the same side guide and plate for the second side.

Work And Turn: Printing one side of a sheet and turning it over from left to right ussing the same side guides and plate for the second side.

Working Files: Files that have been used to generate a graphic file such as an EPS file. Software applications such as Adobe InDesign, Adobe Illustrator, and QuarkXPress can all generate EPS files. The editable application file is called the working file.

Wove Paper: A paper having a uniform unlined surface with a smooth finish.

X

Y

Z

Zip: To compress a file (or folder of files). Commonly used to reduce the size of a file(s) to speed up transmission over the internet or an on-line service.